Chapters Under Revision

Vectors: Culicoides spp.

R MEISWINKEL - Entomologist, MSc, Pratarone 14, Santa Maria del Monte, Rocca di Cave, Rome, 00030, Italy
G J VENTER - Specialist Researcher, PhD, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, 100 Old Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa

Vectors: Mosquitoes

A J CORNEL - PhD, Faculty University of California at Davis, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Mosquito Control Research Laboratory, 9240 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, California, 93648, USA
A P GOUVEIA DE ALMEIDA - Associate Professor, MD, MSc, PhD, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Rua da Junqueria 100, Lisboa, 1349-008, Portugal
L BRAACK - Head of Vector Cluster, PhD, UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, 5 Bophelo Road, Prinshof Campus, Corner of Steve Biko and Dr Savage St, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0001, South Africa

African animal trypanosomoses

L NEVES - Professor of Parasitology, BVSc, MVSc, PhD, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Paraclinical Building, Soutpan Road (M35), Onderstepoort,Gauteng, 0110, South Africa
R J CONNOR - Consultant, BVetMed, MVSc, DVetMed, MA, MRCVS, PAZA Office, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development & Water Administration, Blv. Deshmoret e Kombit Nr.2, Tiranë, K.P. 1001, Albania
J VAN DEN ABBEELE - Head of the Veterinary Protozoology Unit, PhD Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium

Dourine

C CAMMA - Head of Molecular Biology and Genomic Unit, MSc, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise (IZSAM), Campo Boario, Teramo, 64100, Italy
I PASCUCCI - Executive Veterinarian, DVM, Post degree Specialization, PhD, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G.Caporale", Teramo, 64100, Italy

Lesser known rickettsial infections in animals and humans

A LUCE-FEDROW - Assistant Professor, MS, PhD, Shippensburg University, 1871 Old Main Drive, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, 17257, United States
K E MULLINS - Associate Director of Chemistry, Point of Care, and Clinical Laboratory Support, PhD, 111 Michigan Avenue, N.W., Washington DC, 20010, United States
M L LEHMAN - Professor, PhD, Biology Department, Shippensburg University, 1871 Old Main Drive, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, 17257, United States
R STEWART - Shippensburg University, 1871 Old Main Drive, Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, 17257, United States

Q fever

S CUTLER

Ovine and caprine anaplasmosis

S M NOH - Research Veterinary Medical Officer, DVM, PhD, DACVP, USDA-ARS Animal Disease Research Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164-6630, USA
W H STOLTSZ - Senior Lecturer, BVSc, MSc (Vet, Sci.), Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
N E COLLINS - Senior Researcher, BSc, MSc, PhD, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa

Rinderpest

P B ROSSITER - Retired/consultant, B Vet Med, MSc, PhD, MRCVS, St Michael's House, Poughill, Devon, EX17 4LA, UK
W P TAYLOR - Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa

Peste des petits ruminants

P B ROSSITER - Retired/consultant, B Vet Med, MSc, PhD, MRCVS, St Michael's House, Poughill, Devon, EX17 4LA, UK
M D BARON - Honorary Institute Fellow, MA, PhD, OIE Expert on Rinderpest and PPR, Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
N F NJEUMI - Animal Health Officer, PhD, Animal Production and Health Division, Via Padre Mariano Colagrossi, 56, Rome, 00124, Italy

Enteric caliciviruses of pigs and cattle

N J KNOWLES - Head of Molecular Epidemiology, MPhil, The Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom

Enzootic bovine leukosis

D P KNOWLES - Research Leader, DVM, PhD, DACVP, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, 405 Bustad Hall, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
B G MURPHY - Associate Professor, DVM, PhD, Dip ACVP, VetMed PMI, 4206 VetMed, 3A One Shields Ave, Davis, California, USA
M A HIGHLAND - Veterinary Medical Officer - Researcher/Scientist, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVP, USDA-ARS-ADRU, Washington State University, 405 Bustad Hall, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA

Jaagsiekte

D P KNOWLES - Research Leader, DVM, PhD, DACVP, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, 405 Bustad Hall, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
B G MURPHY - Associate Professor, DVM, PhD, Dip ACVP, VetMed PMI, 4206 VetMed, 3A One Shields Ave, Davis, California, USA
M A HIGHLAND - Veterinary Medical Officer - Researcher/Scientist, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVP, USDA-ARS-ADRU, Washington State University, 405 Bustad Hall, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA

Equine infectious anaemia

C LEROUX
Research Director, Viral Infections and Comparative Pathology, UMR 754 INRAE EPHE Lyon 1 University, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon, 69007, France

JL CADORE
Professor in internal medicine, DVM, PhD, Viral Infections and Comparative Pathology, UMR 754 INRAE EPHE Lyon 1 University, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, Marcy-L'Etoile, 69280, France

Swine influenza

K VAN REETH - Associate Professor, DVM, PhD, Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium

Equid herpesvirus 1 and equid herpesvirus 4 infections

J R GILKERSON - Professor of Veterinary Microbiology, BVSc, BSc (Vet), PhD, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Building 400, Corner of Flemington Road and Park Drive, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
C R WILKS - Professorial Fellow, BVSc, MVSc, PhD, FANZCVSc, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Building 400, Corner of Flemington Road and Park Drive, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
C A HARTLEY - Senior Lecturer in Veterinary Virology, BSc (Hons), PhD, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Building 400, Corner of Flemington Road and Park Drive, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia

Equid herpesvirus 2 and equid herpesvirus 5 infections

J R GILKERSON - Professor of Veterinary Microbiology, BVSc, BSc (Vet), PhD, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Building 400, Corner of Flemington Road and Park Drive, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
C R WILKS - Professorial Fellow, BVSc, MVSc, PhD, FANZCVSc, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Building 400, Corner of Flemington Road and Park Drive, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
C A HARTLEY - Senior Lecturer in Veterinary Virology, BSc (Hons), PhD, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Building 400, Corner of Flemington Road and Park Drive, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia

Pseudorabies

T DREW - Lead Scientist, Animal & Zoonotic Viral Diseases Portfolio, OIE Reference Expert for CSF and BVD, Guest Professor of Virology, University of Nottingham, Visiting Professor of Virology, Jilin University, PR China, OBE, PhD, MSc, CBiol, FRSB, APHA Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

T DREW - Lead Scientist, Animal & Zoonotic Viral Diseases Portfolio, OIE Reference Expert for CSF and BVD, Guest Professor of Virology, University of Nottingham, Visiting Professor of Virology, Jilin University, PR China, OBE, PhD, MSc, CBiol, FRSB, APHA Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK

Hog cholera

T DREW - Lead Scientist, Animal & Zoonotic Viral Diseases Portfolio, OIE Reference Expert for CSF and BVD, Guest Professor of Virology, University of Nottingham, Visiting Professor of Virology, Jilin University, PR China, OBE, PhD, MSc, CBiol, FRSB, APHA Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom

Rift Valley fever

B BIRD - Virologist, DVM, MSPH, PhD, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California, Davis 1089, Vet Med Dr. VM3a, UC Davis, California, 95618, USA
R SWANEPOEL - Extraordinary Lecturer, BVSc, DTVM, PhD, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa
JAW COETZER - Professor Emeritus, BVSc, BVSc (Hons), M Med Vet (Path), Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Gauteng, 0081, South Africa

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever

F J BURT - Professor, Medical Scientist, PhD, Division of Virology, Francois Retief Building, DF Malherbe Street, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
D GOEDHALS - Division of Virology, Francois Retief Building, DF Malherbe Street, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
R SWANEPOEL - Extraordinary Lecturer, BVSc, DTVM, PhD, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa

Vesicular stomatitis and other vesiculovirus infections

D P KNOWLES - Research Leader, DVM, PhD, DACVP, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, 405 Bustad Hall, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA
B G MURPHY - Associate Professor, DVM, PhD, Dip ACVP, VetMed PMI, 4206 VetMed, 3A One Shields Ave, Davis, California, USA
M A HIGHLAND - Veterinary Medical Officer - Researcher/Scientist, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVP, USDA-ARS-ADRU, Washington State University, 405 Bustad Hall, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA

African horse sickness

A GUTHRIE - Professor, Director of Equine Research Centre, BVSc, PhD, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Gauteng, 0081, South Africa
C T WEYER - Veterinarian, BVSc. MSc, PhD, Equine Health Fund, 2nd Floor, Oudehuis Centre, 122 Main Road, Somerset West, Western Cape, 7130, South Africa
J A W COETZER - Professor Emeritus, BVSc, BVSc (Hons), M Med Vet (Path), Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Gauteng, 0081, South Africa

Equine encephalosis

A GUTHRIE - Professor, Director of Equine Research Centre, BVSc, PhD, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa
J A W COETZER - Professor Emeritus, BVSc, BVSc (Hons), M Med Vet (Path), Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa

Teschen, Talfan and reproductive diseases caused by porcine enteroviruses

N J KNOWLES - Head of Molecular Epidemiology, MPhil, The Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom

Swine vesicular disease

N J KNOWLES - Head of Molecular Epidemiology, MPhil, The Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom

Foot-and-mouth disease

G R THOMSON - Director: TAD Scientific, BVSc, MSc, PhD, 150 Duvernoy Street, Constantia Park, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0181, South Africa
N J KNOWLES - Head of Molecular Epidemiology, MPhil, The Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
W VOSLOO - Principal Researcher Scientist, BSc, BSc (Hons), MSc, PhD, CSIRO- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong East, Victoria, 3220, Australia

Borna disease

J A RICHT - University Distinguished Professor, DVM, PhD, Director, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, K-224B Mosier Hall, Kansas, 66506-5601, USA
C HERDEN - Professor, Universitaet Giessen, Hessen, Germany

Unclassified virus-like agents, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and prion diseases

E VALLINO COSTASSA - Doctor in Veterinary Medicine, DVM, PhD, Centre for Animal Encephalopathies (CEA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
T KONOLD - Named Veterinary Surgeon, Named Information Officer & Veterinary Research Officer, DrMedVet, PhD, MRCVS, ASU, Pathology Department, APHA Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom

Bovine brucellosis

J X L GODFROID - Professor of Microbiology, DVM, MSc, PhD, University of Tromsø - the Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, Tromsø, 9019, Norway
R DE LIMA SANTOS - Professor, DVM, PhD, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
C M SAEGERMAN - Full Professor, DMV, MSc Epidemiology, PhD, Diplomate, ECVPH (European College of Veterinary Public Health), B42, Quartier Vallee 2, Avenue de Cureghem 7A, Liege, 4000, Belgium
J GUITIAN - Professor of Veterinary Public Health, Licenciado en Veterinaria, PhD, Royal Veterinary College, Hakwshead Lane, North Mymms, Herts, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom

Bovine salmonellosis

M G COLLETT - Senior Lecturer, BVSc, MMedVet (Path), Med (CAI), School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 112222, Palmerston North, Manawatu, 4442, New Zealand

Equine salmonellosis

M G COLLETT - Senior Lecturer, BVSc, MMedVet (Path), Med (CAI), School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 112222, Palmerston North, Manawatu, 4442, New Zealand
T D MOGG

Yersinia spp. infections

M G COLLETT - Senior Lecturer, BVSc, MMedVet (Path), Med (CAI), School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 112222, Palmerston North, Manawatu, 4442, New Zealand

Pneumonic mannheimiosis and pasteurellosis of cattle

A W CONFER - Diplomate, DVM, MSc, PhD, 224 McElroy Hall, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, American College of Veterinary Pathologists, Oklahoma State University, 224 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078-2007, United States

Clostridium perfringens type A infections

F A UZAL - Professor and Branch Chief, DVM, FRVC, MSc, PhD, Dipl. ACVP, California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab, University of California, Davis, 105 W Central Ave, San Bernardino, California, 92408, USA
N P J KRIEK - Emeritus Professor, BVSc, MMed Vet (Path), PO Box 12578, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa
P OBEREM - Self Employed, BVSc Hons, 11 Bruce Avenue Mont, Lorraine, Gauteng, South Africa

Clostridium perfringens type B infections

F A UZAL - Professor and Branch Chief, DVM, FRVC, MSc, PhD, Dipl. ACVP, California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab, University of California, Davis, 105 W Central Ave, San Bernardino, California, 92408, USA
N P J KRIEK - Emeritus Professor, BVSc, MMed Vet (Path), PO Box 12578, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa
P OBEREM - Self Employed, BVSc Hons, 11 Bruce Avenue Mont, Lorraine, Gauteng, South Africa

Clostridium perfringens type C infections

F A UZAL - Professor and Branch Chief, DVM, FRVC, MSc, PhD, Dipl. ACVP, California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab, University of California, Davis, 105 W Central Ave, San Bernardino, California, 92408, USA
N P J KRIEK - Emeritus Professor, BVSc, MMed Vet (Path), PO Box 12578, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa
P OBEREM - Self Employed, BVSc Hons, 11 Bruce Avenue Mont, Lorraine, Gauteng, South Africa

Clostridium perfringens type D infections

F A UZAL - Professor and Branch Chief, DVM, FRVC, MSc, PhD, Dipl. ACVP, California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab, University of California, Davis, 105 W Central Ave, San Bernardino, California, 92408, USA
N P J KRIEK - Emeritus Professor, BVSc, MMed Vet (Path), PO Box 12578, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa
P OBEREM - Self Employed, BVSc Hons, 11 Bruce Avenue Mont, Lorraine, Gauteng, South Africa

Clostridium chauvoei infections

F A UZAL - Professor and Branch Chief, DVM, FRVC, MSc, PhD, Dipl. ACVP, California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab, University of California, Davis, 105 W Central Ave, San Bernardino, California, 92408, USA
N P J KRIEK - Emeritus Professor, BVSc, MMed Vet (Path), PO Box 12578, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa
P OBEREM - Self Employed, BVSc Hons, 11 Bruce Avenue Mont, Lorraine, Gauteng, South Africa

Clostridium novyi infections

F A UZAL - Professor and Branch Chief, DVM, FRVC, MSc, PhD, Dipl. ACVP, California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab, University of California, Davis, 105 W Central Ave, San Bernardino, California, 92408, USA
N P J KRIEK - Emeritus Professor, BVSc, MMed Vet (Path), PO Box 12578, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa
P OBEREM - Self Employed, BVSc Hons, 11 Bruce Avenue Mont, Lorraine, Gauteng, South Africa

Clostridium septicum infections

F A UZAL - Professor and Branch Chief, DVM, FRVC, MSc, PhD, Dipl. ACVP, California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab, University of California, Davis, 105 W Central Ave, San Bernardino, California, 92408, USA
N P J KRIEK - Emeritus Professor, BVSc, MMed Vet (Path), PO Box 12578, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa
P OBEREM - Self Employed, BVSc Hons, 11 Bruce Avenue Mont, Lorraine, Gauteng, South Africa

Other clostridial infections

F A UZAL - Professor and Branch Chief, DVM, FRVC, MSc, PhD, Dipl. ACVP, California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab, University of California, Davis, 105 W Central Ave, San Bernardino, California, 92408, USA
N P J KRIEK - Emeritus Professor, BVSc, MMed Vet (Path), PO Box 12578, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa
P OBEREM - Self Employed, BVSc Hons, 11 Bruce Avenue Mont, Lorraine, Gauteng, South Africa

Tetanus

F A UZAL - Professor and Branch Chief, DVM, FRVC, MSc, PhD, Dipl. ACVP, California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab, University of California, Davis, 105 W Central Ave, San Bernardino, California, 92408, USA
N P J KRIEK - Emeritus Professor, BVSc, MMed Vet (Path), PO Box 12578, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa
P OBEREM - Self Employed, BVSc Hons, 11 Bruce Avenue Mont, Lorraine, Gauteng, South Africa

Botulism

F A UZAL - Professor and Branch Chief, DVM, FRVC, MSc, PhD, Dipl. ACVP, California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab, University of California, Davis, 105 W Central Ave, San Bernardino, California, 92408, USA
N P J KRIEK - Emeritus Professor, BVSc, MMed Vet (Path), PO Box 12578, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa
P OBEREM - Self Employed, BVSc Hons, 11 Bruce Avenue Mont, Lorraine, Gauteng, South Africa

Listeriosis

F POMILIO - Coordinator of Hygiene in Food Technology and Animal Feeds, Microbiology Quality Assurance, Istituto Zooprofilatico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale" Via Campo Boario, Terama, 66044, Italy
K MCCARTHY - Head: Outbreak Response Unit, MBBCh, FCPath (Micro), DTM+H, MPhil (Theol), Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa

Corynebacterium renale group infections

M G COLLETT - Senior Lecturer, BVSc, MMedVet (Path), Med (CAI), School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 112222, Palmerston North, Manawatu, 4442, New Zealand

Actinobaculum suis infections

M G COLLETT - Senior Lecturer, BVSc, MMedVet (Path), Med (CAI), Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 112222, Palmerston North, Manawatu, 4442, New Zealand

Actinomyces hyovaginalis infections

M G COLLETT - Senior Lecturer, BVSc, MMedVet (Path), Med (CAI), Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 112222, Palmerston North, Manawatu, 4442, New Zealand

Tuberculosis

A L MICHEL - Professor: Bacteriology, DVM, Dr Med Vet, PhD, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa
M L BOSCHIROLI - Research Director, PhD, HDR, Bacterial Zoonosis Unit, Laboratory for Animal Health (ANSES), 10 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Maisons - Alfort, 94701, France
N P J KRIEK - Emeritus Professor, BVSc, MMed Vet (Path), PO Box 12578, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, 0110, South Africa

Rhodococcus equi infections

L HUBER - PhD Student, DVM, MS, Veterinary Medical Center, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia, GA 30602, USA
S GIGUERE - Professor and Hodgson Research Chair in Equine Studies, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM, 2200 College Station Road Athens, Georgia, 30505, USA

Ixodid ticks of major economic importance and their distribution in South Africa

Illustrated guide to identification of African tick species

Dr Pamela Oberem
Dr David Barraclough

Foot-and-mouth disease in South Africa: current problems and proposed solutions